ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE AND LAW
16.08.2019 | Global Legal Matters | 1703
The
Place and Development of Artificial Intelligence in Law
Human beings have tried
to carry forward the technology continuously and perform various missions in
the best way. Although many countries have succeeded in establishing the
technological infrastructure, what will bring states forward is to reduce
manpower by producing artificial intelligence, the golden era of the
technological age.
Technology is coming up
with a new development day by day. However, although these developments take
place in the field of Law, which is a positive science, the lawyers are
concerned about the protection of personal data; sometimes it makes people
curious in terms of the shrinkage of the business field in the people working
in this sector. The New York-based company, ‘law Geex,’ has adopted a principle
that marking the beginning of change by combining law with technology. With the
artificial intelligence it has developed, Law Geex has set up automation to
analyze contracts and provided its customers with a great opportunity.
According to the
researches, after having coded the principles, laws and legal process of the American
contract law system to the artificial intelligence they had undergone several
months of training process, they installed thousands of contract samples and
provided artificial intelligence to develop with the self-established system
through machine learning and deep learning methods. As a result of this coding
and learning, artificial intelligence controls the contract you have installed
on behalf of the customers, detects the situations in favor and disadvantage of
the customers and the existing legal gaps and corrects errors.
In the research, which
was decided by the founders of the company(Noory Bechor ve Ilan Admon) in a competition to show
the whole world, the success rates of human and artificial intelligence were
compared. A total of 20 senior contract law attorneys from Goldman Sachs and
Cisco, Alston and Bird, K&L Gates law firms competed with Law Geex's
artificial intelligence. The NDA, which is a form of confidentiality agreement,
has been awarded in five American legal systems, both for lawyers and for
artificial intelligence. The result of the study, which is composed of 153
different paragraphs, is under the guidance of professors from Stanford
University, Duke University Law School and the University of Southern
California and under the independent arbitration of experienced lawyer
Christopher Ray. The result is surprising, as the result of 5 different
conventions of 153 paragraphs, under the independent peer review of experienced
lawyer Christopher Ray, under the supervision of professors from Stanford
University, Duke University Law School and the University of Southern
California.
As a result, the
fastest lawyer finished the job in 51 minutes; the slowest one finished in 156
minutes. The most successful lawyer achieved a success rate of 94% with an
error rate of 6%; the most unsuccessful one remained at 67% success rate. The
average success rate of all lawyers is 85%. In the face of all these results,
artificial intelligence examined the given tasks in 26 seconds and with 94%
success rate.
This success rate was
calculated by taking three criteria together. The first is “false negatives”,
ie the number of issues that are overlooked; the second is itives false
positives ”, ie the number of misidentified, incorrectly detected issues; the
third is true positives ”, which is the number of items corrected correctly.
According to the Mann – Whitney U Test method, artificial intelligence was
found to be 0.9932 more accurate than the average of human lawyers, and
finally, it is also stated that the probability of “chance” occurrence of the
results in this study is less than 0.7%.
Importance
of Artificial Intelligence in Law
According to the
objective results of the research, artificial intelligence, which is the
success of technology and human beings in the field of law, is one of the most
important developments in the field of law in the twenty-first century and has
made a great progress in replacing the people working in this sector.
The success rate of the artificial intelligence system designed to be used
in the field of law is undeniable and will be used and demanded by many law
offices and companies to minimize human error and help people who work in a
very short time.
On the other hand, the
review of the contract for lawyers and law firms providing contract services
constitutes a large part of the daily work of lawyers. Thanks to this
technology, lawyers will be able to complete the same job in a much shorter
period of time and spend the rest of their time on other legal investigations
and business, clients or existing hearings.
The
Future of Artificial Intelligence in Law
It is clear that the
artificial intelligence developed today is not only used in the production of
guns, machines or robots but also in the field of law which has its own method,
and this field will both relax and expand the future of the profession range. I
believe that in the near future, artificial intelligence with an ethical
understanding will be produced. However, in order to be a jurist, it is not
enough to know the systematic of the legislation, but also to have the
competencies such as interpreting the abstract norms according to concrete
events and filling the gaps in law and law by having the customary and
customary law of the society. Most importantly, the judge uses his discretion
when necessary; artificial intelligence will not succeed.
On the other hand, as
the use of artificial intelligence increases, the real issue will be the
problem of taxation as a result of replacing people working in the field of
law. First, the issue of taxing artificial intelligence and robots was brought
up by the suggestion of Microsoft founder Bill Gates. In 2017, the European
Parliament approved a report granting robots “electronic person” status in
preparation for rapidly advancing artificial intelligence and robot
technologies and granting them rights under Asimov laws. The inclusion of
artificial intelligence in the concept of electronic person also means that
robots will have obligations as well as rights. One of these obligations will be
the tax liability.
Recently, Saudi Arabia
granted citizenship to the robot Sophia. Since Sophia is accepted as a
‘’person’’ by the state and the subject of the tax is a person, therefore
Sophia must pay tax.
As a result, the main
issue that will be discussed in the coming years for the future of artificial
intelligence will be the acceptability of the legal status of artificial
intelligence as an ‘’electronic person’’.